We have a total of two p orbitals, or two atomic orbitals. So, each of those carbons has a p orbital. Ethene has two carbons, and each of those carbons An example of that wouldīe ethene, or ethylene. Most organic molecules don't have any color at all. But again it's not an all or nothing deal, black objects still emit some photons. This is why black objects like the asphalt of a road are noticeable warmer than objects of different colors. That's why a lot of organic solutions appear colorless because they're emitting in the UV range which we can't see because of the limitations of our eyes.Ī black object relaxes its electron back down the ground via non-radiative processes primarily releasing heat. Additionally it's important to note that that the emitted photon is not always in the visible range and could be in the UV range which would be unseen by our eyes and appear clear/colorless to us. So if an atom's electron absorbs a photon of light with a certain energy/wavelength/frequency it could reemit that photon via fluorescence or phosphorescence, but not at the original energy/wavelength/frequency because they are coupled with non-radiative processes that produce a little heat too. These processes manifest themselves as higher kinetic energy and heat for the atom/molecule. These would include processes like vibrational relaxation, internal conversion, and intersystem crossing. Non-radiative processes would be where the electron relaxes without the emission of a photon. The actual reason for the difference gets too involved in energy states so I won't overdo it. ![]() Fluorescence is the more energetic of the two. Both emission methods emit a photon of lower energy (and higher wavelength) compared to the absorption photon. Radiative would be where a photon is emitted and proceeds via fluorescence or phosphorescence. When it falls back to the ground state, or relaxes, it can do so with two main processes radiative and non-radiative methods. The electron can reach this excited several ways and isn't just limited to photon absorption it could also simply absorb heat and cause an excitation. So in general if an electron is excited to a higher energy level it is less stable compared to it at the ground level. So it's good to keep in mind that electron transitions are more complicated in reality.
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